At some point in time, either you or someone you know has experienced a disc herniation. In fact, disc herniations, also referred to as “slipped discs,” are so common that most people will never know that they had one. It’s not until a slipped disc causes obvious symptoms, like pain or numbness, that things can go awry.

We have discussed this before, but it bears repeating: low back pain is one of the hallmark reasons why millions of people seek medical attention every year. It’s the leading cause of disability around the world and can affect your body in more ways than one.

那么，如何阻止它们发生在您身上，如果您被诊断出患有椎间盘突出症，该怎么办？我们将在本文中解决这些问题，因此请继续阅读。但是首先，让我们开始解释某人患有椎间盘突出或椎间盘滑动时会发生什么。

What Is a Disc Herniation?
通常，椎间盘位于每个椎骨和功能之间，以吸收冲击并为脊柱提供稳定性。但是，不良的习惯，例如姿势不良，核心的弱点和较差的举重构成椎间盘失去休克吸收特征并减弱，使其容易受伤。结果，光盘可以向前，向后或向两侧迁移。

This is known as a herniated disc. There are different classifications of disc herniations, ranging from “a little out of a place” to “very out of place.”

Regardless of the type of herniation you have, it’s important to understand where the disc is sitting in relation to the nerves that make up the spinal column. When an intervertebral disc herniates, it is worrisome when it moves towards the spinal nerves. These nerves are highly sensitive to change, and a disc invading its space certainly counts as a drastic change in the environment. When this happens, the nerves will become inflamed and trigger pain responses.

Disc Herniation Symptoms
Some of the most common signs and symptoms of a disc herniation include:

• Pain with sitting
• Pain immediately upon waking in the morning
• Pain with coughing/sneezing
• Pain in the leg
• 麻木/刺痛/燃烧一条腿
• 身体某些部位的肌肉无力

当首次发生椎间盘突出症时，咳嗽，打喷嚏或在姿势之间移动时，疼痛可能会更糟。一段时间后，疼痛可能会减轻并过渡成麻木，刺痛或燃烧的感觉。

这可能会让您感到惊讶，但是有可能没有明显的炎症或疼痛迹象。其他时候，疼痛可能是如此强烈，以至于您几乎无法站立。

How Is a Disc Herniation Diagnosed?
有时，椎间盘突出症症状会伪装成其他类型的下背部疾病，例如脊柱狭窄，肌肉菌株或不稳定。这就是为什么要受到可以进行彻底检查和订购成像的专家评估的重要性。

Imaging, like CT scans and MRIs, can be helpful when it comes to making a disc herniation diagnosis. But you should also be aware that imaging doesn’t always match your pain levels or problems, which is why it is only one piece of the puzzle.

您的专家还应执行特定方向的运动分析，以确定导致最小疼痛的运动方向。为此，将要求您在锻炼垫，坐着或站立上进行一系列动作。这种类型的检查与更好的结果有关，尤其是如果专家找到您的身体更喜欢的方向。一旦建立了这一点，它将成为您的治疗计划的一部分。

Recall our earlier explanation about thekinetic chain? It applies here, too. Imaging may reveal a disc herniation at a specific level in your back, but that doesn’t mean that your back pain is coming from the same area. Oftentimes, the herniated disc causes pain above or below the area that is affected, and part of that is due to the kinetic chain. Basically, this is another reason why you should see a specialist for a suspected disc herniation.

治疗椎间盘
Treatment for herniated discs will vary, depending on your pain, the amount of damage to the disc and surrounding areas, and your overall function. Once you have a confirmed diagnosis, your best treatment option is to see a physical therapist for specific exercises that may limit or prevent the disc from further herniation.

Avoid the temptation to head straight to the surgeon’s office. Instead, see an orthopedic specialist for a full examination so you can carefully weigh your treatment options. Like we learned above, imaging does not always tell the full story and should be considered along with an examination.

大多数人会选择一条非手术或保守的途径进行治疗。这通常包括修改锻炼，与工作有关的职责，家务和其他身体任务。您的专家很可能会使您接受物理治疗，以加强，稳定和移动性练习，以减轻椎间盘突出症的疼痛和大小。如果成功，您将能够避免经过昂贵的手术途径和随后的冗长的手术后恢复。

One of the most crucial components of treatment is learning how to modify the activities that are causing pain. You may need to find alternative ways to sleep, bathe, or get in and out of a car. This also applies to when you are starting to feel better and want to get back to working out again.

Ultimately, the goal for most herniated disc treatments is to avoid surgery and prescription pain medications. Surgery for disc herniations is rare unless the herniation is so large that it’s crushing the spinal nerves and causing loss of sensation or muscle strength. While there was a point in time when surgery was more common, most surgeons now conclude that back surgery is not the best treatment for a majority of people with herniated discs.

如何防止椎间盘突出
Since herniated discs can occur without warning, it is difficult to prevent them entirely. However, there are a few things that you should be doing to maintain the health of your discs and spine.

1. 停止吸烟（吸烟会增加椎间盘突出和退化性椎间盘疾病的风险）
2. Lift with proper technique
3. 避免长时间坐着
4. Avoid wearing high heels
5. 饮食健康，均衡的饭菜

Take-Home Points
Almost everyone will experience a disc herniation in their lifetime. This does not necessarily mean that you will need surgery because, fortunately, most disc herniations can be managed conservatively through physical therapy.

从椎间盘突出症中恢复的期望可能会有所不同，具体取决于您的疼痛，症状和疝的大小。但是，只要您尽早开始治疗，就可以完全恢复。尽管几乎不可能防止椎间盘突出，但是遵循健康的生活方式习惯和适当的举重技术是您的最佳保护。

从腰部的压力中恢复过来？请与专家联系，尤其是如果一两周内疼痛没有减轻。请记住，椎间盘突出症可以模仿其他常见的背部疾病，因此不要延迟寻求医疗帮助。

Written for Fitness Blender by Kayla C, PT, DPT
董事会认证的神经临床专家